Abstract In recent years, the market has great demand for the instant quinoa. However, the high content of protein and fat in quinoa grain inhibited the gelatinization and extension of starch molecules. The instant quinoa prepared by conventional gelatinization method has poor rehydration. In order to solve this problem, the sectioned heating method was used according to the properties of quinoa starch and protein. The purpose of the first heating stage was to gelatinize the starch with sufficient water, and the technological conditions were: the mass ratio of water to quinoa 4:1, the temperature of water bath 70 °C, the time of water bath 60 min. The purpose of the second heating stage was to denature the protein with less water, and the technological condition was that the quinoa was heated by atmospheric steam for 5 min. The instant quinoa prepared by above method had excellent rehydration. Compared to the raw quinoa, the content of protein, fat and reducing sugar in instant quinoa increased slightly, while the content of starch and polyphenols decreased slightly. The mass loss percentage of instant quinoa was 11.5% and the score of sensory evaluation for the sample prepared under the optimum conditions was 87.

Abstract Quinoa is a kind of pseudocereal with rich nutrient, unique flavor and antioxidant ingredients. In recent years, it has received widespread attention all over the world, however, the problem of single quinoa product is increasingly prominent. Tea is one of the most popular functional beverages globally, so the development of quinoa tea has a broad market prospect. In the present review, the preparation methods of quinoa seed tea, quinoa malt tea, quinoa leaf tea, quinoa whole plant tea, quinoa fermented tea and quinoa compound tea were summarized, and the current situation and existing problems were analyzed. Based on the above investigations, some suggestions for improving the product performance were put forward. nutrient ingredients years world however prominent globally prospect review summarized analyzed investigations forward

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar o valor diagnóstico da α-enolase (ENO1) e dos níveis séricos de autoanticorpos contra ENO1 no câncer de pulmão. Métodos: Marcação imuno-histoquímica e ELISA foram realizados para detectar a expressão de ENO1 no tecido pulmonar e os níveis séricos de autoanticorpos contra ENO1, respectivamente. Resultados: A expressão de ENO1 foi maior nos tecidos de câncer de pulmão que nos tecidos de doença pulmonar benigna (p < 0,001). Não houve diferença significativa entre os diversos grupos de classificação patológica quanto à proporção de amostras de câncer de pulmão que expressaram ENO1. A proporção de amostras que expressaram ENO1 foi maior nos pacientes com câncer de pulmão nos estágios I/II que naqueles com câncer de pulmão nos estágios III/IV (χ2 = 5,445; p = 0,018). Não houve relação entre a expressão de ENO1 em tecidos de câncer de pulmão e idade, sexo ou histórico de tabagismo. Os níveis séricos de anticorpos contra ENO1 foram significativamente maiores no grupo câncer de pulmão que nos grupos doença pulmonar benigna e controle (p < 0,001). As diferenças entre os grupos de classificação patológica não foram estatisticamente significativas. Os níveis séricos de anticorpos contra ENO1 foram também significativamente maiores nos pacientes com câncer de pulmão nos estágios I/II que naqueles com câncer de pulmão nos estágios III/IV (p < 0,01). Nos pacientes com câncer de pulmão, não houve relação entre os níveis séricos de anticorpos contra ENO1 e idade, sexo ou histórico de tabagismo. A curva ROC do diagnóstico de câncer de pulmão baseado nos níveis de anticorpos contra ENO1 apresentou área sob a curva = 0,806. Conclusões: Nossos resultados sugerem que há relação entre níveis elevados de ENO1 e o estágio clínico do câncer de pulmão e que a expressão de ENO1 e os níveis séricos de autoanticorpos contra ENO1 têm valor diagnóstico no câncer de pulmão.

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of α-enolase (ENO1) and serum ENO1 autoantibody levels in lung cancer. Methods: Immunohistochemistry staining and ELISA were performed to detect ENO1 expression in lung tissue and serum ENO1 autoantibody levels, respectively. Results: The expression of ENO1 was higher in lung cancer tissues than in benign lung disease tissues (p < 0.001). The proportion of lung cancer samples expressing ENO1 was not significantly different among the various pathological classification groups. The proportion of samples expressing ENO1 was higher in lung cancer patients in stages I/II than in those in stages III/IV (χ2 = 5.445; p = 0.018). The expression of ENO1 in lung cancer tissues was not associated with age, gender, or smoking history. Serum ENO1 antibody levels were significantly higher in the lung cancer group than in the benign lung disease and control groups (p < 0.001). The differences among the pathological classification groups were not statistically significant. Serum ENO1 antibody levels were also in lung cancer patients in stages I/II than in those in stages III/IV (p < 0.01). Serum ENO1 antibody levels were not associated with age, gender, or smoking history in lung cancer patients. The ROC curve representing the diagnosis of lung cancer based on ENO1 antibody levels had an area under the curve of 0.806. Conclusions: Our results suggest that high levels of ENO1 are associated with the clinical stage of lung cancer and that ENO1 expression and its serum autoantibody levels show diagnostic value in lung cancer.

I. Introduction: brief history and current situation of chinese civil law; A. The GPCL; B. Special Civil and Commercial Laws, and the Provisions Stipulated by Public Laws (Mainly Administrative Laws), Governing Civil or Commercial Relationships; C. Judicial Interpretations. II. The latest developments in the codification of chinese civil law; A. Debates on the Structure of China's Future Civil Code; B. 2002 Civil Code Draft; C. Debate on the 2002 Civil Code Draft: Anticodification and Decodification Ideas in China; D. 2007 Real Right Law; E. Academic Criticism of the 2007 Real Right Law, 1. On the Protection of State Property, 2. On the Possibility of Marketing the Right To Use Rural Land for Housing, 3. On the Usucapion, 4. On How To Define the Public Interest, 5. On the Gratuitous Character of the Return of a Lost Thing, 6. On the Concept of Real Right and the Nature of Real Right Law; F. The Latest Developments in the Drafting of China's Tort Law; G. The Latest Version of the Tort Law Draft: Content and Characteristics; H. The Current Debates on Tort Law, 1. On the Name and the Nature of Tort Law, 2. On How To Provide the General Clauses of Tort Law, 3. On the Special Torts and Their Types, a. Tort Committed by the State, b. Tort Resulting from Accomplishment, of Friendship, c. Tort Resulting from a Labor Accidents, d. Tort of Interference with Prospective Contractual Relations, e. Tort Committed by the Professional, 4. On Compensation for Damages, 5. On the Methods of Discharge of Tort Liability; III. Conclusion

I. Introducción: breve historia y situación actual del Derecho Civil chino: A. Los Principios Generales de Derecho Civil (PGDC); B. Las leyes especiales, civiles y comerciales, y las disposiciones de Derecho Público (fundamentalmente administrativas) reguladoras de relaciones civiles o comerciales; C. Las interpretaciones judiciales. II. Los últimos avances en la codificación del Derecho Civil chino: A. Debates sobre la estructura de un futuro Código Civil de China; B. Proyecto de Código Civil de 2002; C. Debate sobre el Proyecto de Código Civil de 2002: ideas de anticodificación y decodificación en China; D. Ley sobre Derechos Reales de 2007; E. Crítica académica a la Ley sobre Derechos Reales de 2007: 1. Sobre la protección de la propiedad estatal, 2. Sobre la posibilidad de comercializar el derecho de uso de tierras rurales para la habitación, 3. Sobre la usucapión [prescripción adquisitiva extraordinaria], 4. Sobre cómo definir el interés público, 5. Sobre el carácter gratuito de la restitución de una cosa perdida, 6. Sobre el concepto de derecho real y la naturaleza de la Ley sobre Derechos Reales; F. Los últimos avances en el Proyecto de Derecho de Daños de China; G. La última versión del Proyecto de Derecho de Daños: contenido y características; H. Los debates actuales sobre Derecho de Daños: 1. Sobre el nombre y la naturaleza del Derecho de Daños, 2. Sobre cómo establecer cláusulas generales de la Ley de Daños, 3. Sobre los daños especiales y sus tipos: a. El daño ocasionado por el Estado, b. El daño proveniente del abuso de confianza, c. El daño resultante de accidentes laborales, d. El daño por interferencia en futuras relaciones contractuales, e. El daño ocasionado por el profesional, 4. Sobre la indemnización por daños, 5. Sobre los modos de extinción de la responsabilidad por daños. III. Conclusión.